Shingle



SHINGLE Filed Jun 19, 1933 Inventor 7525 2107! 14/ Clougk I Zyfi/Is afar-hey Patented June 18, 1935 UNITED .sT TEs PATENT OFFICE SHINGLE Rayrnon W. Clough, Cranston, R. I. Application June 19, 1933, serial Nae-76,469

v 2 Claims. (Cl. 108-'7) i This invention relates to shingles of the type especially designed for laying up in butted Dutch lapcourses and particularly useful for siding but not limited to that use.

The earliest Dutch lap shingle was rectangular and in laying up-,was applied with its longer dimension horizontal, the watershed being formed 'bya uniform'end lap for each Shingle and a uniform head lap for each course- The 1 joints caused by the end laps in laying up shingles by this method are staggered throughout the successive courses by butting the head lapped shingle in the course above against the end edge of the side lapped shingle in the course 'below. The United States patent to Gambs No. 595,618, December 14, 1897 is illustrative of butted Dutch lapped shingles.

The most'economical size of. rectangular shinglesfor butted Dutch lap layingto obtain an exposure of each shingle that gives the best appearanceto the house is 8" high by .16 wide and experience has shown that the best'results and greatest saving of stock is obtained by 1aying with a 1" head lap and a 2" end lap. Each shingle thus has the preselected exposure of '7" x 14". Siding laid in butted Dutch lap courses with such shingles, while requiring less stock (only 131 sq. ft. of material "to a square) than is required for wood shinglesof irregular size, has not proved especially popular because the relatively narrow end lap ascompared to the width of the exposure causes theexposed edges of the end laps, which come into vertical alignment only at each 7th course, to approximate an inclined line, thus giving a slanting or leaning appearance to a house wall.

This appearance canbeavoided by increasing the end lap, but if the desired '7" x' 14" exposure is to be preserved this means so much more stock toa square (for lapping in thirds 153 sq.

ft.; in halves 172 sq. ft.) that this change in the mannerof laying, with rectangular shingles, is prohibitive.

It is the purpose of this invention to provide a shingle for butted Dutch'lap laying with the desired 7" x 14" exposure by means ofwhich the courses can be lapped in thirds of the exposure, thus spacing these joints according to accepted end lap practice adjudged sufficient to overcome the slanting" appearance which is characteristic of the earlier Dutch lap method of laying, and with no appreciable increase in the amount of stock required to cover a square, or the courses can be lapped in halves of the exposure with only a slight increase in the amount of stock required for a square and even then less than the 153 sq. it. required for, lapping in thirds with rectangular shingles.

An important feature of the present invention resides in the complete preservation of a 5 tight watershed where the shingles are end lapped notwithstanding the apparent reduction in the amount of material requiredfor a square over the use of rectangular shingles when lapped in either thirds or halves. invention for the purposes described thefshingle consists of a right-angular trapezoid and the oblique end thereof is specially formed, taking account of the fact that the shorter side edge forms the head or top edge of the'shingle, to 15 preserve an extent or length of end lap that will provide a reliable watershed. 1

With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, theinvention comprises the novel shingle anda 20 butted Dutch lapped siding .composedthereof substantially as hereinafter described and more particularly as defined by the'appended claims, it being. understood, that suchlchanges inIthe' precise embodiment of the invention as herein 25. I

disclosed may be made as come within the scope of the claims. I Reference may be had to the accompanying drawing illustrating the, preferred embodiment of the invention, in which: 7

. Figure 1 is a view showing the novel shingle typeof this invention layed inbutted Dutch lap courses to produce a siding;

Fig- 2 is a planview of a strip of material of shingle height showing the method of cutting for lapping in.;thirds; and t Fig. 3 is a view of a shingle dimensioned for. lapping in halves and illustrating preserve tion of the watershed. I

In the accompanying drawing Fig. 2 illustrates the method of preparing the preferred form of the novel shingle whereby the advantage of end lapping the exposure in thirds may be obtained from substantially the same amount of stockas heretofore used for rectangular shingles which give an undesirable slanting effect to the siding orroof. x H

In-its broader aspect the shingle is of 'trape zoidal form having parallel side edges I 0 and l2 of which one is longer than the other and forms the bottom. edge of the shingle when layed. One end edge I3 is square with the side edges and the other end edge I5 is generally oblique. This form will be identified herein as a rightangular trapezoid. Fig. 2 represents a rectan- In carrying out the 0 courses are layed in like manner. in the art will recognize that a siding laid up as gular blank l6 sufiicient for two shingles, being the full height of the shingle in its shorter dimension and equal to the sum of the long and short side edges in its longer dimension. Designating the top side edge mn the blank 16 is severed diagonally between a point at a distance mm. from one end on one edge and a point at a distance mn from the other end on the other edge. As will appear presently the most efiicient but not necessarily the only boundary for the oblique end 15 of the right-angular trapezoid to be produced is in the form of an ogee curve and it is of importance, when this boundary'is breaks more or less easily and for such material it is desirable to avoid sharp corners such as would occur if an oblique cut or the ogee curve extended completely across the blank l6. Accordingly it is desirable to provide the oblique end edge [5 with a pair of short 'in-turned shoulders 18 and I9 adjoining the top and bottom. edges respectively. These shoulders are connected by a central portion of the oblique end edge and form blunt terminals therefor, not easily chipped or broken.

Severing the blank !6 in the manner described yields two complete shingles from a blank that is shorter than double the long bottom edge length of a shingle by the diflerence in length between the top and bottom edges, designated by n on Fig. 2. In practice a suflicient number of this novel shingle, tocover a square layed up in thirds in butted Dutch lapped courses having an exposure of 7" x 14", can be cut from 134 sq. ft. of stock as against 131 sq. ft. for the less attractive Dutch lap laying with rectangular shingles. For laying in halves, which requires a. longer bottom edge l2, only sq. ft. of additional stock is required. Thus there is a most favorable cost comparison for the new shingles over the old.

Right angular trapezoidal shingles as thus .I IOduced for end lapping in thirds on the exposure of the subjacent shingles are layed up in the manner illustrated by Fig. 1. Considering thatxFig. 1 represents siding, in laying horizontally from left to right, a lower course shingle 20 has its right-angular end l3 aligned with the corner of the house and is end lapped a distance it by a shingle 20? which shingle 2B is similarly end lapped by a third shingle 2B and so on across the wall to be covered. For the second course a shingle 20 is shortened to fit between the end edge l3 of shingle 2D in the lower course and the corner of the house and is head lapped on the first course shingle 20. For Dutch lap laying with shingles of the size now being considered the head lap is usually 1". If the shoulders l8 and I9 are cut ,52" deep then the butting described will bring the lower shoulder 19 of the second course shingle 20 just below the upper shoulder it! of the first course shingle 20', Aftervcompleting the second course other Those skilled illustrated by Fig. .1' will bring the exposed edges or the end laps into vertical alignment every 3rd course thus avoiding the leaning appearance of the'jolder siding while, at the same time, utilizing an end lap within the accepted standard that is commercial practice. Securing nails are driven as in Dutch lap laying with rectangular shingles. It will be observed that the top shoulders I8 provide a gage for end lapping and the shingles do not need to be pre-punched with nail holes to insure a uniform end lap throughout a course.

Especial attention is called to the provision of a reliable siding watershed, where three shingles overlap, notwithstanding the use of the trapezoidal form of shingle. Referring to Fig. 3 the dotted line a-a may indicate the depth of the head lap of shingles 20 and 20' of the second course on shingles 20 and 20 of the first course.

" Owing to the use of a cyma reversa curve, as described, the material on first course shingle 2D builds out quickly from the top shoulder I8 and provides a substantial length 112 at the critical point of overlap. In Fig. 3 the dot and dash line shows the end boundary of a geometrical trapeacid which is within the scope of this invention but is less efiicient than an ogee end boundary as may be seen by comparing the length of the critical overlap 10 with that of w.

While the foregoing description has, for illustration, used a particular size of shingle, those skilled in the art will recognize that other sizes may be used and the same advantages obtained by applying the underlying principle of production. Thus if the top edge to has a length mn (Fig. 2) and the width of the end lap on the bottom edge I2 is n then the width of the shingle at the bottom is always mn+n. For laying in thirds (Fig. 1) 11m must be three times as long as n and for laying in halves (shingle of Fig. 3) twice as long. For such laying of any size a shingle, m must always be an integer multiple of n.

Thenature and scope of the invention having been indicated and the preferred embodiment having been, specifically described. what horizontal courses with shingles of trapezoidal form having parallel top and bottom edges the latter being longer than the former, having one right angular end and having the other end bounded by in-turned top and bottom shoulders connected by a cyma reversa curve, each shingle of each course having its right-angular end lapped as far as said top shoulder upon the oblique end of the next shingle in its course, and each shingle of a course above the lowest having its bottom shoulder butted against the right-angular end of an overlapping shingle in the course below, the point of contact being below the top shoulder of the overlapped shingle in said course below, thus head lapping two adjacent shingles in said course below, the upper convex portion of said cyma reversa providin a watershed extending laterally a substantial. distance beneath both said end lap and said head lap.

RAYMON W. CLOUGH. 

